1.
Wu,
L. T., & Anthony, J. C. (1999). Tobacco smoking and depressed mood in late
childhood and early adolescence. American Journal of Public Health, 89(12),
1837-1840. doi:10.2105/ajph.89.12.1837
2.
Case
Controlled
3.
This
is an example of a cohort and case controlled study because the individuals who
are conducting the research are looking at what causes the subjects to develop
either smoking or depression. This
method enables them to see which factor has more of an effect on developing the
other, meaning if smoking has an influence on the development of depression or
if already having depression has an affect on the development of smoking. This
specific type of study looks at the correlation between two factors.
4.
The
conclusion of this study was that of those children who began smoking tobacco
it was found that a statistically significant amount of individuals also
developed a depressed mood within a one year period of beginning to smoke.
There was not a statistically significant amount of adolescents who began
smoking after having already developed a depressed mood. This method enabled
them to come to this conclusion because case studies are based around finding a
correlation. In this case there was a correlation between smoking causing
depression and not a correlation between depression causing smoking.
5.
One
interesting thing I discovered while reading this article was that there is
evidence to suggest that smoking tobacco does make an individual a greater risk
for developing depression. Although, having depression does not make an
individual more likely to smoke tobacco
1.
Frerichs, R. R., Aneshensel, C. S., Clark, V. A.,
& Yokopenic, P. (1981). Smoking and depression: a community survey.
American Journal of Public Health, 71(6), 637-640. doi:10.2105/ajph.71.6.637
2.
Phenomenology
3.
The authors have
used this method of phenomenology because they have collected data through the
study of interviews. These interviews are used to find out the experience of
the individuals who smoke and if they have developed depression. This is not a
trial to see if people will develop depression, it is simply inquiring about
each person’s experience with the two factors. This interview method enables
the researchers to collect data that will answer research questions without
having to have subjects in a trial.
4.
The conclusion
of this study is that those individuals who smoke tobacco did have a higher
rate of developing depression than those who did not smoke. This method
assisted in reaching this conclusion by keeping the study up to ethical
standards. No one was asked to begin smoking to find the answer to the research
question. The data was collected through interviews about a willing subjects
personal experience.
5.
An interesting
thing about this article is that nonsmokers have a much lower risk of developing
depression. This suggests that one unhealthy habit can lead to a difficult
mental illness.
1.
Graham,
R., Rivara, F. P., Ford, M. A., & Spicer, C. M. (2014). Sports-Related Concussions
in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture. Retrieved February 6,
2017.
2.
Mixed
Methods
3.
The
authors of this article use this method by conducting their research to get a
quantitative result. They use this method in order to determine the sports
throughout the U.S. that result in the most concussions. They chose this method
because they were specifically trying to find a quantitative result instead of
qualitative one.
4.
The
result of this study found that in men, the sports with the highest concussion
rate was football, lacrosse, and wrestling, while in women, the highest
concussion rate was found in lacrosse and basketball. Using mixed-methods,
enabled the researchers to find an exact quantitative result for their study.
5.
What
I found interesting in this article was the rate at which military servicemen
suffered concussions during their hand-to-hand combat training.
1.
Wasserman, E. B., Bazarian, J. J., Mapstone,
M., Block, R., & Wijngaarden, E. V. (n.d.). Academic Dysfunction After a
Concussion Among US High School and College Students. Retrieved February 1,
2017.
2.
Grounded
Theory
3.
The
authors of this article use grounded-theory by making observations, tests, and
interviews and then conducting their own theories pertaining to concussions in
high school athletes. They probably chose this method because conducting their
studies before hand enabled them to make a more precise theory.
4.
Their
research found that students who suffered a concussion when playing a sport had
some academic dysfunction the first week and month following the injury. Using
grounded theory let the researchers to interview and test students first before
making their theory.
5.
One
interesting thing I found in this study is that even though it is a
"cohort study" it fits the description of grounded theory, therefore
other studies like this one might be able to utilize different research methods
in the future.
1.
Weaver,
L. J., & Made, S. V. (2015, November 11). Type 2 Diabetes and Anxiety Symptoms
Among Women in New Delhi, India. Retrieved January 29, 2017,from http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302830
2.
Theory
3.
In
this article, the authors use theory as the basis of their research.
They are testing to see if there is a link between diabetes and its effects on anxiety
and depression. This theory is a basis idea that has come about in people
who have experienced greater anxiety or depression as they have found they have
diabetes. This method enables them to do specific research because they
have a question that they need to answer. This method over others, was a better
choice because they already had a basis. They chose to do this
method because they had a topic and wanted to dive in deeper to see what
the actual link between the two was.
4.
The
conclusion is that "Screening
for anxiety among people with diabetes has been overlooked
in the past. Anxiety appears more prevalent than depression,
especially during the first 2 years of the disease." They were able to
come up with this conclusion because of the prevalence that the case
has.
5.
One
thing I discovered was that depression is more prevalent, but less known than
anxiety.
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